From Linear to Circular Food Systems

Our current food system uses the linear economic model of ‘take-produce-consume-discard’, which assumes that economic growth can be perpetuated based on an abundance of resources and unlimited waste disposal. With that in mind, approximately 30%–50% of food intended for human consumption is wasted at different stages of the food system. The circular economic model aims to respect the environment by regenerating or reusing materials or products. When applied to the food system, the circular economy aims to reduce food waste and close the nutrient loop. A nutrient loop is a system in which nutrients are recycled and reused. In nature, nutrients flow through the food chain, from plants to animals to decomposers and back to plants. This process is essential for the health of ecosystems.

In the human-dominated food system, however, nutrients are often lost or wasted. . To prevent this, we can repurpose food waste for energy or textiles, or ensure food waste is composted and brought back to farms. It should be noted, however, that ‘reuse’ within a circular economy perspective is a second-best solution. Prevention of waste should be the priority, and edible food should directly feed people wherever possible.

* It is highly recommended to conduct the lesson “Food waste and food loss” prior to this lesson.